The Philosophy Of The French Revolution - 1045 Words

Neoclassicism, meaning new classicism, was the philosophy of the French Revolution. Since the fall of the Roman Empire, Europeans had been fascinated by the glory and affluence of ancient Rome. However, it was during the Age of Enlightenment around the mid-1700’s that many students went to study art in Rome and returned to their home countries with a renewed appreciation for Greco-Roman culture. A popular neoclassical writer named Johann Joachim Winckelmann once said this, â€Å"the only way for modern artists to achieve greatness was to imitate the Greeks.† In order to identify neoclassical art, one must look for key Greek features including Greek or Roman soldiers, classical subject matter with people in statuesque poses, as well as sharp outlines and contrasts. Paintings such as these often highlighted the virtues most esteemed by the Romans and Greeks, such as patriotism, bravery, loyalty, and sacrifice. This classical, restrained style was brought about in re action to the melodramatic Baroque style. Neoclassical philosophers went so far as to say that man could control his destiny by learning from and following the laws of nature. This ideology is best illustrated in Neoclassical art such as Oath of the Horatii, The Apotheosis of Homer, and the Pantheon in Paris. At the 1785 Paris Salon, visitors were transfixed by one painting: Oath of the Horatii by Jacques-Louis David. For over a century, the Paris Salon was the greatest annual art event in Western Europe and inShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution1509 Words   |  7 PagesApril 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution . In his article, â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies â€Å"Maurice Cranston ofRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The French Revolution1264 Words   |  6 PagesBoth the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution induced great social transformations from the end of the 18th century on. The revolutions laid the foundation for the journey of modernization for Great Britain and France. Although the two countries were merely separated by the English Channel, the relatively low degree of pre-industrial international communications hindered the interaction of both events. Nevertheless, it is not coincidental that the revolutions occurred roughly at the sameRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? The years 168 5 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influences post-revolutions. †¯ The first source whichRead MoreThe Influence of Voltaires Philosophical Works on the French Revolution1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Influence of Voltaire’s Philosophical Works on the French Revolution The philosophical works of Voltaire, such as Candide, influenced the beginning of the French Revolution, promoting new ideas and concepts. Voltaire used both wit and sarcasm to prove his points against injustice and cruelty. Voltaire was exiled to England for many years, and while there, he became influenced by the English government systems, associated himself with Sir Isaac Newton, John Locke, and Sir Francis Bacon. VoltaireRead MoreThe Enlightenment Era Of 1620 And 1789910 Words   |  4 Pagesscience and philosophy were radically reoriented between 1685 and 1815, during a time that was referred to as the Age of Reason, or in other words, the Enlightenment Era. The European thinkers from Britain, France and throughout Europe started questioning the traditional authority and developed the idea that humanity could be made better through rational change. As a result of the Enlightenment, there was production of numerous essays, wars, books, scientific discovery and revolution. The EnlightenmentRead MoreAge of Revolutions Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages) What do you think was the most important outcome of the Age of Revolutions? There have been several vital products of the Age of Revolutions but most importantly was the introduction of post-colonial attitudes with the need of self-governess away from empires overseas. This was achieved through the democracy and constitutions which still are the most important legacy existing in the modern world. It this outcome that societies were able to create influential pieces of works and change how societiesRead MoreThe Political, Economic and Social Aspects of the Enlightenment1109 Words   |  5 PagesGermany, and other parts of Europe. The Enlightenment mainly focused on mathematics, science, art, philosophy, politics and literature in the 1700s. This movement took away the fear of the world and the medieval views that were placed upon the people for so many years, and it also opened their eyes to new ideas and reason. Old beliefs such as French monarchy (the privileges that were given to the French nobility) political power, and the authority of the Catholic Chu rch were torn down. They were replacedRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution911 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution was a major turning point in all of European history. The old regime was destroyed and a new order came to be. We will talk about the causes of the revolution, when it ended, and if it was violent, Napoleon, what happened after his defeat, and some other leaders, and movies I have seen about the Revolution and how they were correct, plus other things I want to learn. The immediate cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the near collapse of the French budget. On theRead MoreLiberalism And Its Impact On Society1513 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of liberalism is one that is greatly misunderstood in today’s society. Liberalism is often associated with a welfare state, and overregulation by the government. At the roots of this philosophy, however, you can find ideas that are actually associated with a more modern conservative ideological standpoint. Liberalism is typically credited to John Locke (1632- 1704), an English philosopher. In his book â€Å"The Two Treatises of Government† Locke proposed the ideas that every person (man)

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion - 818 Words

The Ottawa Charter for health promotion is a document developed in 1986 by the W.H.O that aims at enabling, empowering and encouraging people to improve, and increase control over their own health. In relation to road safety, all five action areas are addressed through the introduction and availability of specific services to the public by all levels of government, NGO’s, the community and individuals. Developing Personal Skills Improving an individual’s knowledge and skills will result in them making more informed decisions concerning their own health as well as becoming a positive influence to those around them. In order for an individual to develop good personal skills, they must first be educated about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and making decisions about their own health. In relation to road safety, developing wide knowledge and personal skills is crucial in minimizing the potential of harmful accidents occurring on our roads. It is important for road users to become informed and aware of the risks and hazards that will present themselves on the road. Creating supportive environments A supportive environment is somewhere where individuals can make positive decisions and changes to do with their health in order to benefit it. Initiatives can be implemented by all levels of government, community groups and individuals in order to create supportive environments for individuals to better their own health. There is a heavy priority placed on ensuring that allShow MoreRelatedThe Ottawa Charter and Health Promotion2462 Words   |  10 Pagessignificance of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion The Ottawa Charter first came into existence at the First International Health Promotion Conference in Ottawa, Canada 21 November 1986. Here, a never before charter of such reputed importance was forged that not only promoted health, but also implemented various strategies that an individual, group or community could adhere to in order to achieve a healthy overall well-being by the year 2000. The context in which the Ottawa Charter was created isRead MoreThe Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was created on November 21, 1986, the world took a big leap towards a better foundation of health promotion internationally. However, the concept of health and health promotion has drastically changed since  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬1986. New research and supportive evidence has uncovered numerous health emergencies. These problems highlight the limitations of the Canadian public health infrastructure in addressing majo r public health concerns, proving that the system needsRead MoreThe Health Promotion Initiative Of The Ottawa Charter826 Words   |  4 PagesThe ‘Close the Gap’ campaign is a health promotion initiative that focuses on the lifestyle and decisions of indigenous people in Australia as well as explaining how the Australian government needs to focus on closing the gap of poor health between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Through the ‘Close the Gap’ campaign it advocates the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter, which are of the following: Developing Personal Skills ‘Developing Personal Skills’ refers to the provision of informationRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On Young People1510 Words   |  7 Pagesimprove their health is known as health promotion (5). Therefore, health is seen as a resource for everyday life and not the objective of living as it is the ability to identify and realise aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment to reach a complete physical, mental and social wellbeing (5). On the 21st of November, 1986 in Ottawa, the first International conference on Health Promotion was held. During this conference the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was producedRead MoreHealth Promotion for Alcohol3356 Words   |  14 PagesPOINT OF VIEW Young people and alcohol misuse: how can nurses use the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion? AUTHORS Bernadette Ward RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Ed, MPHandTM, MHlth Sci Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia. B.Ward@latrobe.edu.au Glenda Verrinder RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Higher Ed, Grad Dip Pub and Com Health, MHlth Sci Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia. ABSTRACT Alcohol misuse in AustraliaRead MoreMalaria2187 Words   |  9 PagesContents: 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2. Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 i. Background of Ottawa charter for health promotion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 ii. Strategies for malaria control in Pakistan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 3. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 4. Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 5. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Introduction: Malaria is acute febrile illness caused by infectionRead MoreHealth Promotion : Theories And Models1660 Words   |  7 PagesHealth promotion utilises theories and models to guide practice. A theory is the general principles of a framework of ideas in regards to a particular topic. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) A model is a set plan of action based on theoretical ideas to achieve a set goal. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) The difference between a theory and a model is that a theory is related to evidence based knowledge and a model is built on this knowledge although it is presented as a process to reach certain targets. TheRead MoreDiarrhoea in Children under the Age of Five1163 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this report, based on the alarming statistics presented above. They are at risk both because their age means they have not got fully developed immune systems, and also because their personal hygiene practices are only just developing. A Health Promotion Tool designed to introduce students in the Prep year at IGGS to good hand washing practices was developed. This tool proved very effective in teaching the young students how to wash their hands properly. A 2004 paper on Acute Infectious DiarrhoeaRead MoreThe Implications of the Ottawa Charters Five Strands in Improving Access to Good Housing and Reduction to Houshold Crowding in New Zealand964 Words   |  4 PagesThe implications of the Ottawa Charters five strands in improving access to good housing and reduction in household crowding in New Zealand Introduction Shelter is a fundamental need for good health (WHO, 1986). Lack of access to warm, dry and affordable housing for many New Zealanders is an increasing concern (Baker, McDonald, Zhang, Howden-Chapman, 2013). This essay focuses on household crowding (HHC) as a specific determinant of health in New Zealand, looking at the population groups mostRead MoreDrugs And Alcohol Is Becoming A Common Matter Among Young Adolescents1614 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups, and they are becoming more and more self-reliant. (Dr. Bruce A. Epstein, author of â€Å"The Importance of Peer Pressure†) In addition adolescence years are typically a period of experimentation, regardless of parenting skills and influence (Better Health, 2016). Therefore, adolescent years are a time for big changes, which can leave them feeling vulnerable and at risk or in danger (Drinkingnightmare.gov.au, 2016). Many young individuals are influenced by peers, family and friendship groups and can

The phenomenon of city as a symbol of a modern way of life Free Essays

The phenomenon of city as a symbol of a modern way of life is as complex as the structure of modern societies. In fact, city can be seen as a miniature version of a smaller society within a larger one, as most people living in cities tend to strongly identify themselves with them. And if we take into account the fact that in the Western world the percentage of city dwellers in contrast to people living in the countryside is continuing to grow due to the process of urbanisation (Hayward, 2004, pp. We will write a custom essay sample on The phenomenon of city as a symbol of a modern way of life or any similar topic only for you Order Now 17-18), the phenomenon of city as a of dominant life style of humans deserves the most attentive examination. In particular, the urgent topic in the study of the ways in which city functions is the problem of its inner structure and dynamics in light of the often voiced concerns that the contemporary city is becoming more fractured and polarised than ever. The disturbing degree of this polarisation can be appreciated with the help of the so-called ‘dual city theory’, which, among other things, aims to show how the changes in economy, such as the removal of most of manufacturing jobs from the urban areas coupled with the state`s minimal involvement into the social sphere, lead to significant changes in the social structure of modern cities â€Å"in which the richer get richer, the poorer more poor and the middle classes are shrinking† (Holt-Jensen, 2002, p.3). Still, even without this socio-economic aspect of the city life, there is a plenty of reasons why the contemporary city may become fractured. One of them is the presence of ethnic sub-groups in many cities that occupy distinct areas and in this way in essence form isolated cultural islands. This peculiarity of many modern cities is reinforced by the more traditional but very important division between their functional parts, such as historical districts, usually attractive for tourists, downtown, industrial areas, and bedroom communities. This internal structure also inevitably shapes the economic and social structure of cities, as being historically perpetuated this type of division forms corresponding social patterns, represented by correspondence of a certain city district to a certain social class of people inhabiting it. As a sad example of such a firm correspondence may serve districts with the increased criminal activity, which cannot be exterminated by any legal enforcements. As the result of the working of the mentioned factors, it is indeed possible to say that the contemporary city in many respects resembles a fractured and polarized environment, in which it is possible for people to feel themselves lonely even in the crowd (Clarke, 2003, pp.192-195). By the way, speaking about specific problems stemming from the high density of population in most modern cities, such as ubiquitous traffic jams or the issue of environmental pollution, it is worth to mention that it is perhaps one of the unifying factors for all the city communities as such challenges require a coherent and unanimous action. Also, in relation to the positive roles that cities play in the modern world, it should be said that in their frames a lot of opportunities exist for the cultural exchange and development, so that cities can be seen as miniature melting pots of languages and cultures. As we can see, the view that the contemporary city is becoming more fractured and polarised is indeed not devoid of the truth. However, it seems safe to claim that this is happening not so much due to the peculiarities of the life in cities as such, but rather due to the natural processes of social interaction. Thus, city is an environment in which all the forms of social change are just manifested and amplified in a very clear form. Sources Clarke, D., B. (2003). Consumer Society and the Postmodern City. Routledge Hayward, K. (2004). City Limits: Crime, Consumer Culture and the Urban Experience. How to cite The phenomenon of city as a symbol of a modern way of life, Essay examples

Consumer Behaviors on COCACOLA

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviors on COCACOLA. Answer: Consumer Behaviors on COCACOLA The report analyses the concept of marketing in terms of consumer behaviour to one of the popular beverage brand, Coca Cola. Coca Cola had been applying different strategies to meet the changing needs of the customer. The report will help in drawing inference towards the nature of the marketing notion used by an organization to retain its market and to gain long-term profit. The article deals with the changing strategy of Coca Cola to adapt to changing nature of the consumers. The company has undertaken a strategy known as One Brand Strategy in which Coca Cola includes its four product option that are Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Coca Cola, Diet Coke and Coke Life (Roderick 2016). These are placed under one master brand strategy to ensure customers that the company is aware of their healthier needs. The company devises this strategy not only gather customer attention but also keeping an eye for its premium products and sales of those products under one head. The marketing concept that the organization has applied here is the societal marketing, which is considered one-step further than marketing. This marketing decision of the organization will not only help in the welfare of the whole society but also will also help them achieve long-term profit. However, Coca Cola has tried to shift its focus from transaction to relationships in a way that could refresh its image according to customer needs and promote itself to global audience (Brown 2016). In my opinion, Coca Cola has adopted this strategy to retain its customers who have changed their priority towards healthier options. This strategy will help the customers to realise that the organization does not overlook the customer needs and makes every attempt to meet the customer satisfaction. References Brown, E. (2016).#CreativeBranding Coca Colas One Brand Strategy - Branding for a Reason. Designmantic.com. Available at: https://www.designmantic.com/blog/coca-cola-one-brand-strategy/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016]. Roderick, L. (2016).Coca-Colas CMO explains why its One Brand marketing strategy is going global. Marketing Week. Available at: https://www.marketingweek.com/2016/01/19/coca-colas-cmo-explains-why-its-one-brand-marketing-strategy-is-going-global/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].

US Hist Uncle sam Essays (566 words) - Ethics,

Richard Heredia October 18, 2018 US History 112 Stanley Uncle Sam Wants You Word War I was a war like no other, it involved the world's most powerful countries. World War I began in 1914 and lasted until 1918. Many historians have combed over the battle grounds of this war and have given specific details to what the war looked like. What many people fail to realize are the actions and events that took place back home. In a country filled with worried wives, parents, and children, their way of life would never be the same. Every country effected by the war handled it in their own way, the US population did something remarkable. US citizen came together in order to turn America into a well-oiled war machine. In his novel, Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern Citizen, Christopher Capozzola shows how, when the war began, Americans at first mobilized society by stressing duty, obligation, and responsibility over rights and freedoms. They Selective Service Act is was set the tone for the war back home. To Capozzala, " The Selective Service Act of 1917 was the centerpiece of wartime citizenship and its defining obligation"(21). This act made citizens realize the severity of the war and the power the government had. The US government was asking its young men to die for the nation. This sense of obligation and volunteerism spread to other parts of the society. It brought people together in schools, churches, clubs, families, and newspapers. With so much mobilization happening, groups like the American Protective League thought it was their duty to seek out anyone who stood in the way of the US citizen. The American Protective League (APL) was an organization of older citizens that worked with Federal law enforcement agencies during the World War I era to identify suspected Germa n allies and to counteract the activities of radicals, anarchists, anti-war activists, and left-wing labor and p olitical organizations. Most men in the APL were men that were too old to make the cut for the Selective Service Act. The government during the mobilization did whatever it could for its citizens. The government worked with many groups in order to achieve the maximum volunteerism, and some of these groups were ran by women. Not only did the Selective Service Act get the men to war, it also got women fighting for their rights. The mobilization gave women the opportunity to show men what they were capable of. With all the young men gone, women had to step into their workplace and prove that that they were just as good at the same jobs. Unfortunately, "Americans struggled to understand the difference between voluntary sacrifice and unpaid, or even forced, labor"(86). Though eager to prove themselves, women felt they were being taken advantage of. Because of this situation, groups like the General Federation of Women's Club and the National Association of Colored Women became powerful political groups. They challenged politicians in order to raise the standard society and political life. Capozzola' s novel focuses on the people and politics back home. Capozzola shows the ways that federal, state, and local governments cooperated with numerous voluntary associations to advance the war effort on the home front. A part of history that is just as equally important as the war itself.

Mohandas Ghandi essays

Mohandas Ghandi essays Few people in this world have ever had as much of an effect on our world as Mohandas Gandhi, he was born on October 2nd, 1869 in Porbandar, West India. He became one of the most respected, spiritual and political leaders of the 1900's. Mohandas Gandhi even received a name of Mahatma, which means soul force and Satyagraha which means "holding onto truth." He started his career as an outstanding lawyer in South Africa; Gandhi gave up practicing law and returned to India in order to help ease the suffering of the people of India. Gandhi's love for people and his religious passion made him a revolutionary in many of his ideas and actions. His major goal was to set India free from British rule. British ruled most of India and they were racist and prejudice against the Hindus and any other minority. Hindus were forced to disgrace themselves in public. They were not even allowed to walk on the same cement sidewalk or ride in the same passenger cart on a train, if there was no room to spare on the 3rd class cart, their only choice was to ride outside on top of the train. Gandhi's subconscious protests announced that Hindus would not tolerate this, even if it risked being beaten or put into prison. To Gandhi, being put into prison for a good cause was considered honorable. He wanted to get rid of the caste system and for all who lived in India, including women, to be equal. His love for the people of India was so great that he wanted nothing more than to serve and help them. Always putting others above himself, he sought to make himself even lower than the lowest member of the Hindu caste system. He even humbled himself to the point of sweeping up excrement left behind by others, hoping to teach that disease was spread in filth. One of his most admirable qualities was that he led by example and never preached that which he was not willing to do himself. Although Gandhi didnt agree with the way Britain was ...

What factors causes the lack of trust in project management teams Essay

What factors causes the lack of trust in project management teams - Essay Example Today most of the organizations embrace the notion of groups or teams. Teams have become the core unit in many organizations. Part of this based on the fact that groups are effective in solving problems and learn more rapidly than individuals. The above definition of Team itself explains that a team could be formed for the specific purpose that may be to execute and manage a specific project or projects. This team can be called as project management team. Teams are particularly important when problems and decisions involve very uncertain, complex and important situations and when the potential of conflict is great. Teams are clearly more appropriate when there is not an immediate time pressure. (Ware, 1993, 1994). But teams can also bring about the worst in us. Teams can result in a situation where the whole is less than the sum of its parts. Teams can be a big waste of time and energy, can enforce norms of low productivity and can exploit, stress and frustrate members. Trust plays t he main role in functioning of any project management team. If the trust among team members is low then timely completion of projects and proper functioning of the team could not be assured.During the last few years there has been an increasing acknowledgement of the importance of trust in business interactions within the management and organizational literature. (Kramer& Tyler, 1994. Mayer, David &Schorman, 1995). Trust enables cooperation and becomes the means for complexity reduction even in situations where individual must act with uncertainty because they are in possession of ambiguous and incomplete information. It is not therefore surprising that in the current age of global and digital economy and virtuality (Tapscot, 1996) there has been an enormous interest in trust. According to Platt, Trust is essential to any team whether virtual or real. Real teams may interact day to day and chances of loosing trust may be lower but for the virtual teams where the possibility of day t o day interaction or face-to face interactions are almost negligible, possibility of loosing trust is much higher. Trust is a state of a positive confidence through subjective expectation regarding the behaviour of somebody or something in a situation, which entails risk to trusting party (Baba, 1999). It is a dynamic and emergent social relationship that develops as participants interact with each other over time and depending on situation. Jarvenppa and Leidner have conducted one of the most detailed researches, which studied Trust and Teams thus far. It highlighted significant difference in the behaviour and strategies between high and low trust teams emphasize on the clarity of roles and responsibilities among team members. Panteli and Duncan in their study of virtual teams, projects managed by virtual organizations, which involves a team of geographically far off located contractual employees, finds that the content of communication both formal and informal as well as frequency helps in building and maintaining an interactive social situation and can act as the frame for reference in constructing the trust relationship. Finally after going through different studies we can classify the different factors, which causes lack of trust among project team members. Shared goals are and should be one of the important aspects of the project management team, which cannot be taken for granted. Lack of trust may be due to lack of awareness about shared goals among team members. Generally most of the members of the team may or do not know the goals of the team and everybody have their understanding and perceptions about goals which brings distrust among team member

Maintaining proper business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maintaining proper business ethics - Essay Example Maintaining proper business ethics In this regard, those businesses that uphold moral practices are profitable in that they are able to meet the right standards of product quality while avoiding legal suits against them. This also goes hand in hand with the businesses’ reputation, which does not suffer adverse publicity with regard to its ethical operations. Such business are cautious not to any business malpractices as that would result to farfetched problems that might compromise their profit margins. Conversely, the assertion that good ethics results to good business only applies to businesses that are desired to last as benefits from business ethics only accrue in the long run. In other words, businesses competition in the market and desire for short-term benefits that will ensure business sustainability is what drives many businesses. Similarly, the economic viability of business ethics gradually declines even in the long run and companies are forced to take stringent unpopular decisions that are crucial f or business sustainability. For instance, many companies have had to infringe on their employees privacy by implementing internet usage monitoring policies. Some businesses have also had to lay off part of their labor force in spite of the public outcry and ethical implications, as part of structural adjustment programs. This now leads as to the second assertion that good business results in business ethics, and in this case, it is believed that the drive for profits will force businesses to uphold proper business ethics.... In this regard, the desire for sustainability will result to  good business ethics as businesses are forced to conform to proper business ethics. For instance, many companies are forced to show concern for environmental conservation as part of their collective corporate responsibility, in order to ensure sustainability of the natural environment and its resources. Environmental policies impact positively on the companies’ reputation, as they are able to show the companies' concern and responsiveness to environmental matters. The companies also avoid damaging publicity that could result from legal suits against them from the government or concerned parties; these may arise due to the companies’ breach of corporate responsibility in environmental conservation. However, the assertion that good business results to good business ethic is pegged on the assumption that all the concerned parties will exert pressures on corporate to act responsibly. This may not be the case in all contexts, as seen where consumers opt for cheaper counterfeit products regardless of the health risks involved. Employees might also be lured with financial incentives into foregoing their privacies and sense of ethical practices; this encourages companies to indulge in unethical business practices by flouting their social corporate responsibility. In view of the two assertions discussed above, it is evident that the issue of business ethics is as critical to businesses as their concern for profits (Camus). Ethical businesses are socially responsible, and the reverse is applicable in that a socially responsible business is ethical. In this regard, business

Healthcare Costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Healthcare Costs - Essay Example The health insurance policies play a significant role in determining the cost of care. This is depicted by the reality that there are differences in the cost of health insurance by the government and private providers (Weeks, 2012). For example, the private insurance policy has resulted in increased costs of health insurance and health care in private hospitals than public hospitals. The private insurance policy provides that individuals can take personal insurance which includes ambulance cover, general treatment cover and hospital cover (West, 2014). Disparities in access to ambulatory services are ambulatory services are attributed to the high costs, which are associated with private ambulance covers (Leigh & Wheatley, 2010). The cost of care is described as the main factor which affects the delivery of health care services (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). The costs of health insurance are spelled out within the insurance policies. High costs of health insurance cause individuals that cannot afford it to wait with illnesses until the point when they are less treatable (Wood, 2013). The private insurance policy limits the services that can be covered. For instance, there are inclusions and restrictions to specific services, which mean that patients incur greater personal expenses. Optional treatments, which are not covered by Medicare, are also based on the personal expenses of patients. Long stay patients also pay more because long term care is not covered by Medicare (Weeks, 2012). These are provisions within the public and private health insurance policies, which contribute to the high costs that are, associated with care processes within US health facilities (West, 2014). The Affordable Health Care policy as provided within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also plays a role in influencing health

In Depth Market Analysis On Bmw Marketing Essay

In Depth Market Analysis On Bmw Marketing Essay Due to the failure to grow market share, the group adopted a strategy of organic growth in its early 2000s.This resulted in the launch of a large number of models with varied price and class ranges leading to further market development. This renowned European carmaker BMW is well known for its high quality products and services which comes in wide ranges, its global brand image and its highly output cars. This report emphasizes on the companys strategic goals and values and the impact of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors in the present competitive world on the company. The main objective behind the case study is to understand its strategic capability, its target market, market segmentation which is keys to success in the competitive market like of any industry, also by discovering positioning options, calculating and further understanding the importance of brand management and selecting the appropriate methods for the strategic development of a company. This report analyses the ability of the company to succeed and compete with its competitors. It will also discuss about the challenges it will come across in the near future. Learning Objectives The main learning objectives after analyzing the case study are: Evaluation of Classic and Contemporary models, concept and tools used in business strategy and planning which include PESTEL analysis, Value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, Porters five forces, Industry life cycle and Cycle of competition. The process BMW used to identify their strategic goals and values Analysis of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and legal factors and its influence on its strategy The strategy used to achieve its competitive advantage Future challenges impact on the Company The reason for BMW considering the international business environment and its response towards it. The use of Value chain analysis for BMW in order to improve its competitive position. Summarization of its knowledge and understanding of its external business environment, its management and its ability to change, develop and implement business strategy. PESTEL Analysis In the macro-environment, there are various factors which affect the decisions of the managers in regards to the strategic development of any organisation. Some of the macro change factors include Tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes. (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm) According to Thomas (2007) when an organization undergoes various changes and faces complexity in upcoming situations, it is hard to keep a track of activities in external environment and its erratic effect on the strategies of the firm. In such a situation PESTEL analysis is done which helps in analyzing the key drivers of change that helps in predicting the businesses future environment. Political factors: These factors emphasis on the government policy such as the degree of interference in the economy. In an automobile industry, the possible factors are: Tax laws and government policies by foreign government have a great affect on the automobile industry. According to Hill, 2008 Success of the business in the global market is determined by the probable foreign policies. As the laws and regulations that had affected the automobile industry also included the environmental factors affecting it adversely, it was made mandatory for all the car manufactures to consider the environment while making their manufacturing process. Economic factors include factors affecting an organization on economic ground like exchange rates, taxation changes, inflation, and interest rates and so on. For an automobile industry the economic factors are: The decreasing exchange rate of Euro had an adverse affect on the European car makers as due to difference in exchange rate increases the price per product and reduces the profitability for sale per product. According to Autofacts, 2004 Emergence of developing states like China and India s excess capital and buying power regionally and globally. Global increase in GDP (market value of all goods and services) services from 2.0% to 3.1% in 2008 and regular economic downturn in the US market in 2008. Buying capacity of people and the population figures even affects the automobile industry. High amount investment in marketing and on the new designs production of automobile blocked huge amount of revenue although the supply was more than the demand. Social Factors: Changes in social trends like income distribution, ageing population, and attitudes to work can have a greater impact on demand for a product by a firm and it also might result in the willingness and availability of individuals to work. Like in UK, as the population has been ageing has resulted in increment of costs to the firms who are committed to pension payments for staff who are living longer. (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm) For an automobile industry the factors could be: As a result of recession, the buying behaviour of consumers seems to be changed. Automobiles environmental issues and its harmful emissions (Johnson,2005) Change in demand for a new product in terms of the launch of a new brand can be one of the social factors. Technological Factors: New products are created due to new technologies. Technology reduces costs, improve quality and lead to innovation of a new product. These developments not only benefit consumers but also the organisations providing the products. (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm). The latest the technology is, greater is the demand for that product especially in terms of automobile industry. Examples are: The cost of manufacturing increases with the adoption of new technologies. Due to increment in the use of technology, the ratio of competitors is too high now. Restrictive measure on technology which are linked to the environmental pollution are one of the most important technological factor (Allen, 2006) Environmental Factors: The most concerned factors here are environmental issues and global warming which affects the environment. It even includes the change in climate and weather. In terms of automobile industry, the factors can be: The taste and preferences of customers change with the change in trend. They now prefer eco friendly cars, fuel cell cars in order to environment friendly. Due to increase in global warming and the awareness of green house effect, the consumers are more into buying environment friendly products. Legal Factors are related to the legal environment in which the firm operates. (http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm) Some of the examples can be employment law, health and safety law. In the automobile industry, the legal factors are: Rules and regulations in regards to pollution control all over the European countries. The import export duty tax and the ethics in regards to the manufacturing process vary from country to country. The firm is bound to follow the legal norms in order to maintain safety standards. Porters five forces It is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It draws upon Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_five_forces_analysis). It is a tool to assess the nature of competition by calculating the factors inside and outside an industry. It is done in order to develop business strategy and do an analysis of industry. (http://alfrancobakerhughes.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/porters-five-forces2.jpg) The Five Forces: Threat of new entrants: The threat for a new entrant in an automobile industry is the minimum due to high investment in order to set up manufacturing plants and assembly liners. The time taken to be recognized by the consumers is even more than any other industry. Above are the few barriers that there is hardly a threat of new entrant in the world of Automobile. Threat of substitutes: Although BMW is one of luxurious and renowned brand but can face a threat of substitutes due to other powerful brands like Audi, Toyota, Mercedes and so on. The other brands too as a wider choice due to huge range of products. Bargaining power of suppliers: BMW got a long relationship with its supplier and also got a tightly controlled distribution system. Suppliers have high bargain power because suppliers can dictate the cost of raw material. Long relationship with suppliers result in reduced cost of raw materials. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargain power of buyers is high due to availability of huge range of products as BMW and its competitors fall into exclusive car range. Consumers can choose a product on the basis of price. Competitive rivalry: As most of the bigger automobile companies are globally establishes, their target market is the same attracting the same group of customers. This results in greater competition especially in the markets of Asia, Europe and US. The key drivers of change Pestel analysis helps us to overview the macro environmental factors. The factors which can have a high impact on strategy are identified with the combination of the above i.e. Pestel analysis, Porters five forces and drivers of change. The drivers of change help managers make effective decisions. Some of them are: Consideration of environmental issues Change of customer demand for goods quality cost of ownership. Improvement in the use of technology and preference design due to change in taste and preferences of consumers. Trend of using small cars. The Industry life cycle It is composed of five stages from the launching of the product to its declination. The stages are development stage, growth stage, shakeout stage, maturity stage and decline stage. The first stage is the start up of a company with the innovation of its assets. Secondly, during the growth stage there is a minimal threat to new entrants and high growth with low bargaining power of buyers. Thirdly, in the shake out stage the firm focuses on its managerial and financial activities and is a stage of slow growth. Fourthly, the maturity stage faces high barriers to entry with increase in competition. At this stage the highest is the sales with high market share but with time, the growth stops and stage of declination comes. Considering the case study, BMW is in the maturity stage of industry life cycle. Although its growth is stagnant, its products like 1,3,5,7 series were standardized due to its huge market share and brand identity. Despite high barriers to entry in the maturity stage, BMW asset was a relatively high market share and status as a manufacturing excellence. SWOT Analysis It is a tool to analyze the internal strength and weakness with the external opportunities and threats. It helps in better understanding of how the internal strength and weakness with current strategy are capable of dealing with the changes in the external environment. Strengths In order to maintain good supply chain management, BMW maintains strong relationship with suppliers. As BMW uses the most advanced technology, it helps in enabling design, quality and price to prospective consumers. BMW has a good position in the market in terms of brand and gratitude factor. It can rely on its strength in order to gain competitive advantage with the help of its well qualified labor force. Brand image High turnover Highly qualified Labor force. Weakness: Low cost products of competitors and its perception of high price. BMW had an image of being serious and conventional in comparison with the other competitors. Environmental issues. Consumer sophistication and understanding. Opportunities: The number of products sold was increased inspite of most of the countries being hit by recession. Its attitude of advanced technology towards its products and its flexibility in development and manufacturing. Affordability due to interest rate being less. Its popularity increased among the developing countries like India and China. World wide recognized brand image. Introducing and developing a new product in the market with more advanced features. Threats: Economic downturn Different Legal factors of different countries. Increment in the number of entrants in the industry Competition level increasing day by day and its going to be hard to survive for a company who doesnt go along with the change in trend. Increment in the supply costs. Cycle of Competition There was a strong competition between all the competitors in the market with time and in order to overcome the hurdles which could have resulted in the loss, BMW had a rise in its turnover with the use of adequate technology. Core capability and competitive advantages are not permanent in nature as per the concept of cycle of competition. ; For example BMWs strongest competitors Toyota group. According to Kiley (2004), Toyotas whole assets including machinery, profit margins etc create threats for BMW as Toyota has established product in the small market region. Therefore, the available option for BMW is to compete through its core capability and competitive advantages. By implementing the use of scientific technology that BMW restores to, higher economies of scale can be achieved. BMW is one who serves from a small car to a bigger car like that from a mini to Rolls Royce. This is one which serves from a luxury segment to the premium segment which is not in case of all its competitors. Strategic drift Strategic drift refers to the change in strategy. Despite the occasional incremental development from cultural and historical factors, the reason for drift to occur is when company environmental changes negatively affect its operations. BMW emphasises on brand development that is a result from changes in the market. Strategic drift is better off explained when considering an example of acquiring of English brand Rover was due to the companys need of increasing production. Resources A resource is described as any physical entity that needs to be consumed first to get benefits out of it. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource). There are two kinds of resources- Tangible and Intangible Resources. Tangible Resources are the physical assets like Labour force, machinery, finance within a firm and Intangible resources are the non physical assets like information, status and knowledge. The resources which BMW possesses are: It has highly qualified labour force composed of young and professional professionals. In 2003, BMWs financial resources the turnover was of 41.53 billion Euro, gross margins of 3.2 billion, 7.4% profit margins and annual surplus of 3.2 billion Euro. Supply chain and dealership management Effective market segmentation Its universally designed physical resources Its relationship with the its suppliers, quality of products, reliability and dealings makes them building strong relationship with their suppliers so that helps them in high bargain power of supplier. Brand image getting stronger due to its reliability and inevitable product quality. By the contribution of economies of scale, product/process design, experience and supply chain, cost efficiency at BMW is possible (Gerry, Scholes and Whittington, 2008) Supply costs Especially in terms of production and purchase of raw materials, supply costs play and important role within an organization. It is considered to be an important asset when input cost decides about the success of a company. With a work force of 104000, BMW has set up different locations like China, USA, UK, South Africa and Germany in order to manage its supply cost. It was guaranteed that the supply cost will be reduced if the transportation cost of raw materials is reduced. Experience The two primary things while considering experience in an organization are attainment of cost efficiency and control of costs. There is also a need to generate competitive advantage through experience by the firm itself and its unit costs. BMW has been in the automobile sector since the Second World War. Acquiring of the cumulative experience is expected to lower its unit costs. There is a need of increment in the unit produced annually from the established assembly units in this competitive market with the reduction in the cost. This reduction atleast guarantees capability of survival although the competitive advantage may not be achieved. Product/Process Design Product design is concerned with the efficient and effective generation and development of ideas through a process that leads to new products. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_design)The main reason for product design is to maximise working capital, labour productivity and better yield. In order to compete with the rival, it is adopted in order to gain competitive advantage. BMW has earned reputation in the global market as an engineering excellence due to its excellent performance in product/process design. Value Network for BMW BMWs assembly locations and manufacturing unit is independent on each other according to the value network. Each of the assembly units has a separate supplier of raw materials needed to manufacture the product. Internal value chain in the assembly liners exists among them. The organisation also possesses a channel value chain which is formed on the basis of design, location and price such as the product varies from a mini to Rolls Royce. As per the target market, market segmentation is done and accordingly the product ranges are priced and designed differently as per the value chain criteria. The pricing strategy differs from location to location where BMW is focussing at. Like the price for the products in related to automobile industry in Asian market is cheaper than UK or US. BMW Success Factor There are various factors responsible for BMW success. These include Product quality, Product cost and experience. Firstly, the product quality is important to be maintained as per the customer satisfaction point of view. The excellence of a product helps in identifying the brand of a product. For a company like BMW, it is important to maintain its quality for further success. Secondly, the product cost is always high but its quality of the products gets balanced it in front of its competitors and justifies the reason for the price to be high. The third success factor is Experience for BMW in the automobile industry. Its presence in the industry for so many years has helped in establishing its brand image for its products together with the advanced supply chain which helps in delivering of the right product at right time. Hereby its said by Radinger, 1996 that the BMW s channel value chain of price, location and design is the backbone of consumer value chain. Its brand image, technology, business model, its sustainability in this competitive world and lastly its CEO are responsible for its own success. Future Challenges that may have an impact on BMW are: Decrease in economies of scale Technology may become stagnant. Consumers taste and preference might change During the firms maturity stage, there might be increase in rivalry leading to price wars too Ups and downs of Currency rate will have impact on the prices of products sold in different countries. High fuel prices and increment in the cost of raw materials. BMW possesses the strategies like Product development, Market penetration; Restructuring, Market development and liquation that will help BMW readdress profits for organizational future. Conclusion A company like BMW had to face lot of problems in the 1990s as there were so many competitors in the Automobile industry and also due to the fact of global recession. After all this hassel, there came a good part in its company which proved to be a turning point for the company as the new CEO started a strategy of internal growth through market and product development in the year 2002. Due to the failure to grow market share, the group adopted a strategy of organic growth in its early 2000s.This resulted in the launch of a large number of models with varied price and class ranges leading to further market development. This strategy of internal growth and product development also brought them to a conclusion of launching a new model every 3 months from 2003 through to 2005 and this plan was implemented which gave consumers choice from Mini to Rolls Royce.. The two biggest market the company targeted on were US and Asia in order to find buyers of their top and high range models and lef t over the European market for its lower cost and lower range models as the buyers didnt include people with high budget in order to buy a car as they preferred mainly basic car model. BMW is in the maturity stage as of industry life cycle. Although its growth is stagnant, its products like 1,3,5,7 series were standardized due to its huge market share and brand identity. Despite high barriers to entry in the maturity stage, BMW asset was a relatively high market share and status as a manufacturing excellence. The company acquired the image of manufacturer of an Ultimate driving machine as they worked upon their weakness and landed up innovating new ways in order to distinguish itself with its competitors. This resulted in crossing over the turnover of Lexus, the US biggest automobile maker in 2004 and BMW then become world biggest automobile company.

Social Class and Health Essay -- Mental Health Nursing

This essay will explore the socio-economic background affecting Regina and the circumstances she faces within her life. In addition to this, I will examine the Sociological model of Social class in comparison to why Regina finds herself in the specific social position that she is in, as well investigating the contributing factors that are associated with social class and health issues. The definition of Sociology described together with the Social Class Model itself. Firstly I will provide a brief picture of Regina’s situation; Regina is a 23 year old single mother of a two year old son. She lives on her own in council accommodation in Bridgeton. Since the age of 8 she has suffered from arthritis, this can be extremely painful at times and needs on-going help from her mother and best friend to care for her child. Due to her health conditions Regina is unable to work therefore receives state benefits. The benefit reform is causing worry for Regina. Additionally Regina an d her ex-partner are disputing child visitation issues. Although Regina receives multi-disciplinary help for her arthritis, she is concerned about the instability of her illness and now feels socially isolated and depressed. The definition of Sociology can be defined in numerous ways there is not right or wrong answer with it, I have chosen the simplest explanation I can find which is â€Å"Sociology is the study of human social life, groups and societies. It is a dazzling and compelling enterprise, having as it’s a subject matter our own behaviour as social beings. The scope of sociology is extremely wide, ranging from analysis of passing encounters between individuals in the street up to investigation of world-wide social processes† (Giddens â€Å" Sociology†, 1... ...a and treat her successfully. References BBC News. (2013). the Great British Class Survey - Results. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/0/21970879. Last accessed 5 December 2014. Denny, E Earle, S (2008). Sociology for Nurses. Malden: Polity Press. p140--160. Giddens,A. (1989). "Sociology". Available: http://www.sociology.org.uk/as4i1b.htm. Last accessed 28 November 2014. Gro-Scotland. (2010). National Records of Scotland. Available: http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/council-area-data-sheets/glasgow-city-factsheet.pdf. Last accessed 28 November 2014. Murali, V Oyebode, F. (2004). Poverty, social inequality and mental health. Available: http://apt.rcpsych.org/content/10/3/216.full. Last accessed 5th December 2014. Womble,D M (2011). Introductory Mental Health Nursing. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p60-67.

12 Angry Men Essay †Pathos ethos and logos Essay

Pathos,ethos and logos in 12 angry men Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Twelve Angry men is a movie of twelve jurors who are struck in one room trying to comprehend with one another whether a young boy is responsible for his father’s death. Emotions come up when one of the jurors stands up for the lad defending him that he was not guilty. This film is full of Ethos, logos and pathos. This paper explains some of the places these rhetorical tools are employed. Pathos, ethos and logos instances   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the film twelve Angry men, Juror number eight employs ethos when he was trying to convince juror number ten that the boy’s father could not have heard the boy say to the old man, â€Å"I am going to kill you†. He says, â€Å"there’s something else I would like to talk about for a minute. I think we have already proved that the old man could not have heard the lad say, â€Å"I am gonna kill you†, but supposing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he was trying to convince them that when you say something, it doesn’t mean that you are going to do exactly that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We can see a clear demonstration of pathos in the film where juror number ten says, â€Å"he is just a common ignorant slob, he does not even speak good English.† Juror number elven replies to him, He does not speak English†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this is a clear irony in the arguments presented by juror number ten. Juror number ten also in another instances demonstrates pathos where he is trying to convine the jury that the slum dwellers are in general bad people when he exclaims, â€Å"They get drunk†¦ oh, they’re real big drinkers, all of ’em – you know that – and bang: someone’s lyin’ in the gutter. Oh, nobody’s blaming them for it. That’s the way they are! By nature! You know what I mean? VIOLENT!† through this, we can clearly seethe emotions that this juror had against the slum dwellers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Logos is extensively employed in the film, but profoundly I noticed it when juror number eleven was convincing the other jurors that the old man could not have moved as swiftly as it was tring to be portrayed because of the formerly suffered stroke. He says, â€Å"â€Å"I’d like to find out if an old man who drags one foot when he walks, because he had a stroke last year, could get from his bedroom to his front door in fifteen seconds.† This was a logical argument of how the old man could not have dragged himself so fast to see the lad run out of his home. He also convinces the jury of how the woman across the street could not be able to see the boy through the train without her spectacles on. He explains, â€Å"It’s logical to assume that she wasn’t wearing them when she was in bed. Tossing and turning, trying to fall asleep.† Then the juror continues by saying, â€Å"I don’t know – I’m guessing! I’m also guessing that she probably didn’t put her glasses on when she turned to look casually out of the window. And she, herself, testified the killing took place just as she looked out. The lights went off a split second later – she couldn’t have had time to put them on then. Here’s another guess: maybe she honestly thought she saw the boy kill his father – I say she only saw a blur.† All this was by the juror number eight’s logical reasoning. It is also clear in the film when he say, â€Å"It is logical to assume†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He explains, â€Å"It’s logical to assume that she wasn’t wearing them when she was in bed. Tossing and turning, trying to fall asleep.† Then the juror continues by saying, â€Å"I don’t know – I’m guessing! I’m also guessing that she probably didn’t put her glasses on when she turned to look casually out of the window. And she, herself, testified the killing took place just as she looked out. The lights went off a split second later – she couldn’t have had time to put them on then. Here’s another guess: maybe she honestly thought she saw the boy kill his father – I say she only saw a blur.† All this was by the juror number eight’s logical reasoning. It is also clear in the film when he say, â€Å"It is logical to assume†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He also convinces the jury of how the woman across the street could not be able to see the boy through the train without her spectacles on. He explains, â€Å"It’s logical to assume that she wasn’t wearing them when she was in bed. Tossing and turning, trying to fall asleep.† Then the juror continues by saying, â€Å"I don’t know – I’m guessing! I’m also guessing that she probably didn’t put her glasses on when she turned to look casually out of the window. And she, herself, testified the killing took place just as she looked out. The lights went off a split second later – she couldn’t have had time to put them on then. Here’s another guess: maybe she honestly thought she saw the boy kill his father – I say she only saw a blur.† All this was by the juror number eight’s logical reasoning. It is also clear in the film when he say, â€Å"It is logical to assume†¦Ã¢â‚¬  References http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050083/quoteshttp://jiripik.me/2012/06/03/12-angry men teamwork team decision making effect of prejudices/ Source document

Absolutism and Peter the Great Analysis Essays

Absolutism and Peter the Great Analysis Essays Absolutism and Peter the Great Analysis Essay Absolutism and Peter the Great Analysis Essay Absolutism and Peter the Great Analysis paragraph Peter the Great made a great effort to change Russia and he conquered his ideas and what he wanted to do with his nation. He strengthened the military, created a navy, and stopped the isolation of Russia. Since Peter was born in the medieval world he was captivated by the modern clothes and army; he was really interested in ships and navy. He built a ship just to communicate with the west (Europe) to exchange technology, ideas and other goods, he wanted to westernize Russia; he felt it necessary to do so because he thought that if Russia didnt modernize it would be left behind and would get run over by his European neighbors. When he went to europe he learned nautical science, how to build a gun, dentistry, astronomy, surgery, making paper, printing, and rendering. He also went all the way to England to build the strongest navy, after 16 months of absence from his homeland there were revolts in Moscow. When he returned to Moscow he changed the way the nobles dressed, and he wanted everyone including the women to educate themselves and be more European. He took Russia out of the dark ages. He also brought news paper, astronomy, new capital, new navy, new museums, new title (emperor) and hospitals. Peter the Great was a great Tsar for Russia; he brought a lot of goods to his nation and that helped to modernize Russia and also to have contact with other parts of the world.

Bisbee deportation essays

Bisbee deportation essays The Bisbee deportation event was not only a pivotal point in 1917 on Arizonas labor history but it also had a great contribution on labor activities throughout the country. The Bisbee event was an event that led to labor movement by copper miners in Bisbee, Arizona, even though it all started as a dispute between the miners and the miner companies over high risk jobs and poorly paid wages it turned out into a strike. It all started during World War I when the price of copper reached unprecedented heights and the companies reaped enormous profits, Bisbee was booming with five thousand miner workers. The mining companies controlled Bisbee and depended on the miner workers but the problem was that they had Mexicans and European immigrants working the mines with low pay even though it was better paid than what they could earn in any outside job in Bisbee. So The Industrial Workers of The World (I.W.W.) took action and presented some demands including improvements in safety, working conditions and discrimination. The copper companies refused all the I.W.W. demands, so the workers went on strike having roughly half of the Bisbee work force on strike. As tensions heighten, two so called vigilant groups Workmans loyalty league and the Citizens Protective League took action and about 2000 deputies got together wearing white armbands to distinguish themselves from the strikers. By 6:30 in the morning, vigilant groups rounded up and men were roused from their beds, houses and from the streets, they rounded about 1000 men and gave them the opportunity to quit the strike and would be released. Hardly any one quit the strike, so a train arrived and took them all to Columbus, New Mexico but had to turn back once they realized there was no accommodation for all these men, the train traveled back and stopped at Heramanas, New Mexico and abandoned them their with no food nor shelter until the US troops ...

The Burden on Ivory Tower in Community Colleges Essay

The Burden on Ivory Tower in Community Colleges - Essay Example The struggle between quantity and quality is not new to community colleges. Professor X points out different problems concerning education in community colleges and the admissibility of the students for college education. In his experience as an English teacher, he realized that â€Å"[their] presence together (Professor X and his students) in these evening classes is evidence that we [they] have screwed up† (2). This could be seen as a desperate remark of a teacher who thinks that he can do nothing to help the students because they lack all basic knowledge; however, this is the truth. On the other hand, it is also given that students pursuing higher education in community colleges have different purposes of participating and basically have lifestyles most adults have (e.g. attend to children’s needs, consider career growth). Because of this, the average performance of community college students may not be comparable to those who are studying in universities. Most of th em are returnees of school after many years of being plain workers. With the ambition of attaining degrees, students of higher education take courses â€Å"not because they want to but because they must,† just as in the case of Professor X’s class. The diversity of learning needs and generation gap of students made things difficult for Professor X. As a teacher of English, it is a headache for him to learn that most of his students in college could not even write coherent sentences like any high school student. Indeed, it is a great challenge for him to teach. His encounter with Ms. L highlighted the main points of the article. Ms. L represented the people who wants to go to a community college primarily for career growth. She could be one of those 36% of community college students who are able to get an associate or bachelor’s degree (Marklein), or maybe not. In Professor X’s experience, the problem roots from the pre-requisite subjects that students â⠂¬Å"must† take for them to complete a degree and the management of community colleges as a whole. It is said the community colleges are having â€Å"an identity crisis† (Evelyn, qtd. in Inoue and Bell 128). The management and the admission process are leniently addressed in community colleges. Inoue and Bell contend that community colleges are â€Å"trying to be all things to all people all the time† (129) which does not sound favorable for mastery of learning. Many of the students are not well-informed about how to use the computer and internet, which are necessary tools for college paper making. Nevada’s state community colleges, however, are beginning to notice this problem by developing quality rather than quantity of their students (Richmond). This can be done by adding the budget for education. This can be feasible, however, it should be noted also that the students of those schools primarily want a brush-up for certain subjects which they failed to take to complete their degree or full time workers in the morning and students in the evening. With these kinds of students, increasing the budget would not be enough; same goes with

Why people bet online or prefer betting in stores Research Proposal

Why people bet online or prefer betting in stores - Research Proposal Example This is according to Luntz (2006). For starters, an individual can gamble within several sites. It is imperative to note that those sites offer massive rewards and bonuses. The bonuses come when the betting sites agree to reward new customers who have just registered to their sites. At the same time, the betting sites may agree to reward their old and loyal customers (Luntz 2006, 467). By this, they will be making the customers committed to what they do. Betting rewards also come in the form of clients being allowed to offer free bets on some occasions. In addition, the customers may be offered general bonuses. According to Petry (2004), we should not ignore the fact that people practice online sports betting because they find it somewhat safe. This fact may be debatable especially because there are a number of sites that claim to provide opportunities for betting, while their main intention is to fraud the public at large. Nevertheless, most of the betting sites in the UK are under the management of well-known companies with an irrefutable reputation like William Hill, Gala Coral, Bet365, Sky Betting and Gaming and 32Red among others (Petry 2004, 661). This makes online sports betting to be safe. Another reason as to why people indulge in online sports betting is the fact that it is comfortable.This is according to Kelly (2011). The ease is because for one to participate in online sports betting, then they need to be computer literate and have data access. The two requirements will enable any interested party to register on any online sports’ betting site and take part in betting. The ease is also demonstrated by the fact that the customers can... Considering how rapidly the betting industry has been growing, then I may be forgiven if I said that betting might just be as old as the society. The UK opened its doors to betting back in 1961 and since then the industry has never looked back. The betting shops have been rising in the number and so does the number of those who practice betting. Originally, people used to bet by visiting the betting shops. Supplementary to that, some people employed the services of a telephone credit betting. Due to the advancement in technology, however, some people started opting for online betting. And indeed online betting has not disappointed. The organizztion of the literature review is such that it first deals with why people carry out online sports betting followed by the reasons why people bet in stores. It is beyond doubt that betting is slowly spreading its wings into our society. It does not consider age given that children as little as 12 years old have attested to be involved in betting at one point. Similarly, even the older population takes part in betting because statistics reveal that those aged above sixty also take part in betting. In like manner, betting knows no gender because both males and females take part in it (Abott 2009, 412). We may not be able to predict the rate at which betting is advancing in the society. One fact for sure is that, whichever form of betting one involves in, be it online sports betting or visiting the betting stores, betting is gaining ground. In addition, we ought to appreciate the findings and works of the various authours reviewed above. This is because they have managed to bring us upto speed with an area of our life we almost forgot.

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflection paper - Essay Example Being a convenience store, we are very passionate about our commitment to customer service. When an employee is new in the organization, he is introduced to the vision and mission statement of the company. This makes all our employees aware of the things that the company values; thus, he is able to work within these values and eventually it is instilled in him. It is in our company’s culture to make the employee feel fulfilled. The company believes that the employees should be provided with never-ending opportunities for growth. Our organization believes that the job of every employee should always be a learning experience for them. Furthermore, management emphasizes team achievement rather than personal gains of the employees. There are several factors which I like in our organizational culture. I appreciate very much the sense of belongingness that I feel in the organization. We as managers are always consulted in various aspects which affects our work. Management is always ready to hear our opinions and accept our suggestions. Team building and employee empowerment is a positive attribute of our organization. One of the things that I do not like about our culture is that sometimes I feel that the customers’ satisfaction is over emphasized. There are times when it is difficult for us to deal with some of the customers’ request but we still have to go out of our way to please them. I understand however, that it is necessary because our industry is very competitive. If we displease a customer, we might drive them away from our store. Another thing that I do not like about our organizational culture is that there are times when an individual’s effort is not given much importance. This is because team effort is always emphasized. As a manager, I think one way that I can positively impact our organizational culture is by mentoring my staff to be more conscious of the needs of the customers. Since our culture

John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

John Steinbeck Essay Comparison between the portrayal of women in The Ostler by Wilkie Collins and in Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck In both the stories The Ostler by Wilkie Collins and Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck the authors have used the females, who are Rebecca in The Ostler and Curleys wife in Of Mice and Men to play important roles in developing the plot. Both of them considerably shape and alter the lives of those other characters around them. In The Ostler Rebecca is a young lady who meets Isaac and later marries him. She totally changes his life. However she has a darker side and later plots to kill him leaving Isaac living in fear for his life. Similarly in Of Mice and Men Curleys wife ends up causing the death of one of the principal characters, Lennie. So we can see that in both stories the women either threaten or cause the death of a main character. Both the stories were written some time ago, the Ostler being the older of the two, written in 1855. So the Ostler was set in the Victorian age. We know that in the Victorian age there were little opportunities for unmarried women. Rebecca is a good example of this. Before she met Isaac she was dependant on drugs. This is suggested on page 11 when Isaac meets Rebecca in the Chemists whilst he is buying medicine for his mother. The chemist said Its my opinion theres something wrong with her. Shes been asking for Laudanum to put on a bad tooth Its a case of suicide, sir, if ever there was one yet. Of Mice and Men was set in the great depression in America. Still there was little opportunity for women and most were unfairly treated. Curleys wife is portrayed as a lonely, isolated character who longs to be free from the tight reigns of her husband Curley. She spends much of her time flirting with the other men on the ranch, hungry for conversation. So in both stories the writers have portrayed the women as unfairly treated. Whether it was one of their aims to make their readers aware of the situation or whether the suggestion is just through their realistic reflection on the society they lived in we cannot tell. Although I wouldnt say that a strong emphasis is placed on the treatment of women and therefore I would argue that it was not their target but just one consequence of the story line. Rebecca is first introduced to us in the fourth paragraph on the first page, although we dont know who she is at that point. A detailed description is given of her, but she is not named. Light grey eyes and a droop in the left eyelid Flaxen hair with a gold streak in it Fair, white arms with a down in the little ladys hands, with a reddish look under the fingernails However after this description which Isaac is telling us in his sleep, then has a narrative signpost suggesting that this women is trouble. and the knife always the cursed knife first on one side, then on the other. It is suggested that there will be murder in the story and conveys a horror genre, a style very popular at that time. Similarly, In Of Mice and Men Curleys wife looks are portrayed as dangerous. Although we haer a description of Rebecca, it is only a feature of Isaacs nightmare. The same decription of Rebecca is then repeated when Isaac returns home to his mother and tells her of his dream. His mother writes the details down so that she doesnt forget them. His mother seems to be a suspicious women who believes the dream had a deeper significance and that it was a prophecy that Isaac would one day be killed by the women of the dream. It isnt until some time later, when his mother falls ill and he goes to the chemist, that he meets a lady who we find is called Rebecca, although Isaac doesnt recognize her from his dream. He thinks she will commit suicide so in an attempt to prevent her taking her life and also because he is strangely attracted to her, he plans to marry her. When he introduces Rebecca his mother recognizes her to be the women of the dream and tries to call off the marriage. However the marriage goes ahead. So you can see what a big part her looks played. It was her looks that first caused conflict in the marriage. Rebecca, who is upset that Isaacs mother, Mrs. Scatchard, does not like her, tries to be friendly towards his mother. However the relationship between Isaac and Rebecca deteriorates and when Isaac discovers Rebecca has bought a new knife, one like that of the dream and demands that he keeps the knife. This further upsets Rebecca and they get into a fight and she leaves. Isaac lived in fear wondering if she return and try to kill him like in the dream. He takes precautions to protect himself. Then one day she returns and tries to kill him. So he leaves. From that day forward he lived in fear.

System Analysis Report

System Analysis Report Table of Contents Executive Summary System Vision The purpose of this report is to present the proposed system analysis for the client, Click Connect, with the intention of ensuring all stakeholders involved agree on the planned solution. Throughout the project the analysis, development, implementation and testing phases will be conducted using, the industry standard, agile development life cycle. This specifies that changes can be made if required and appropriate. The system analysis report is intended for all the projects major stakeholders: the client, the academic supervisors and the development team. Firstly, this report will highlight the system vision by expanding on the project description, system capabilities and business benefits. The purpose of this initial section is to ensure that all stakeholders involved agree on the expectations and benefits of the system.   Secondly, in this deliverable the system requirements section is used to describe the functionality listed in the system vision and with the use of diagrams allow for all stakeholders to agree on the system requirements. With the use of a functional decomposition diagram the major subsystem for the Click Connect system have been described and all major functions identified. Alongside this a conceptual data model (entity relationship diagram) is presented to assist in explaining the main business processes and their relationships. It is expected that this diagram will change throughout the iterative development process. Following on, an architecture overview is utilised to highlight the current IT system and any proposed constraints. Finally, in the system requirements section a prioritised list of the system build plans has been included. The purpose of this section is to identify and describe the system requirements and constraints on the system. Thirdly, the project organisation section of this report focuses on the system development approach, the team structure, the overall project plan and risk management plan. Ultimately this section will describe how the system develop will be approached with both its iterative and incremental nature in each build. A Gantt chart has been included to list the major tasks that will be carried out and the proposed timetable that will be followed. This chart, as a part of the overall project plan, includes the tasks and activities highlighted in the system overview. Alongside this, the risk management plan outlines current risks and possible impact they would have on the project completion. The intention of this section is to ensure all stakeholders are across the incremental development and risks involved with this project. Finally, in this document a sign off sheet has been provided to ensure that the client has acknowledge the system overview report and to signal acceptance of the scope, content and expectations laid within. In this section if aspects are to be changed they need to be noted and agreed upon. As well an appendix has been included with client interactions and development artefacts. Project Description Client Background Click Connect English for kids Inc. is not for profit organisation that use technology to connect with disadvantaged students from underprivileged backgrounds. Using skype, volunteers connect with their students to achieve both academic success and self-empowerment for their students. Their focus is on enriching the lives of those less fortunate by teaching English and other skills. Click Connect skype lessons are currently taught out of King David School, in Armadale, where volunteers teach English to students from elementary schools in Israel. They are currently connected with two schools however aspire to educate students from across the globe, when the organisation grows. The program has been acknowledge and welcomed by the Israeli Ministry of Education. History Leading up to the Project Click Connects current website was created by volunteer programmer who designed a basic website. The websites current functions allow for visitors to access information about the organisation and how to contact them. The website also allows for individuals to apply to be a volunteer, which is done by filling out an online form, attaching a police check and a working with childrens check. Alongside this the website has an image carousel which displays images highlighting the students and volunteers learning together. The current website has an upcoming events section, where the client can create, read, update and delete. System Modifications Including System needs and Current Problems The current system is simple and does not provide all necessary functionality that the organisation requires. The clients aspires for the organisation to expand over the next few years and they have acknowledges that a more complex system is required. The dream for client is to have the organisation expand regardless of geographic location and ultimately enable volunteers to teach students from around the world. Firstly, the client has requested that the website to be aesthetically enticing to encourage visitor to either volunteer as a teacher or donate to the organisation. Secondly, the website has a video carousel (vimeo) which the client is not entirely happy with. The client is happy to keep the image carousel however they would like it to be presented better and to include more images of education and the students learning. Thirdly, and arguably the most important aspect, the client would like a secure password protected portal for volunteers to log into and access all the information required. The client would like the volunteers to be able to access lesson information prior to starting the skype lessons. Additionally, as mentioned before, all skye lessons calls are currently made from the King David School in Armadale where volunteers log into skype. The client is requesting if there is a way for volunteers to make their skype lesson calls from home (or any geographic location) via the volunteer portal. With this new feature it will be fundamental that the calls can be monitored so the organisation is aware who is calling the students. This aspect will allow for the organisation to grow and allow for volunteers from around the world to teach the students. Next, the client wants to modify their system to include an internal calendar. This calendar will be used to advise dates of important events and post classes per semester. Additionally, the client currently accepts donations by cheque and responds by writing a handwritten thank you letter to the donor. The client has requested that the revamped website has an aspect for visitors to the website to donate to the organisation. The donation of the aspect will ultimately increase the number of donations received due to the usability and efficiency of online donations. System Capabilities Stakeholders Volunteers: those volunteering time to teach students via skype Admin: those individual/s which manage the system Donors: those individuals who donate to the organisation Teachers: external to the organisation, the teachers managing students receiving lessons Students: external to the organisation, those being taught via skype Activities of Stakeholders Volunteers Make skype calls Check lesson plans View internal calendar Admin Create, read, update, delete content Monitor lessons Update lesson plans Create calendar events Donors: Donate funds Receive donation invoice Context Physical locations the system will be used: Volunteers houses, volunteers schools, currently main administrator client main location is the King David School in Armadale Technology Internet Service Provider Skype Computers/Laptops Website/Browser Based: html, xml, css CakePHP, CodeAnywhere, jQuery Database design, mySQL, phpMyAdmin Vimeo Non-Functional Requirements Security: a secure portal login will ensure security for all stakeholders Reliability: ensuring that software hardware will perform the required tasks Usability: the modified website interface and the internal database system designed to be user friendly and straightforward Extensibility: the client has stated that the organisation will one day be handed over therefore the system will be built in a way that future growth can occur Documentation: user manuals to ensure that the system can be maintained once the Industry experience project has commenced Business Benefits The following business benefits have be derived from the proposed system vision, system capabilities and all meetings held with Click Connect. For the purpose of this report all benefits and have been categorized by who the primary benefiter would be, the action that would be taken and of course the outcome this benefit would have. Volunteers Action: Skype lesson calls made via secure portal Primary benefit: Enables calls to be made regardless of geographic location Outcome: Increasing the number of volunteers as the calls can be made securely from around the globe Action: Internal Calendar Primary benefit: Keep volunteers up to date with semester information and important dates Outcome: Ensure all volunteers are aware of up to date information thus increasing efficiency Donors Action: Donations made online via PayPal Primary benefit: donors can easily donate funds to the organisation online Outcome: Potential increase in amount of donations the organisation will receive as a not for profit organisation these donations are crucial Admin Action: Creating a secure password protected portal Primary benefit: Ensuring that only authorised users (volunteers or approved users) can access sensitive information regarding lesson plans, times and students Outcome: Security for volunteers and students is one of the main priorities for Click Connect. This secure portal will ensure all data and information is safe Action: Monitoring Skype calls Primary benefit: Ensuring security Outcome: the admin (client) will be able access information about when skype calls were made to students Organisation Action: Editing the content and design of the current website Primary benefit: An aesthetically enticing website hypothetically will encourage visitors to the website to be drawn and in and more likely to donate and/or volunteer to the organisation Outcome: Increase in volunteers and donations Action: Improving on current video carousel (vimeo) Primary benefit: Showcasing images of students and teachers learning will put a face to the organisation and encourage those visiting the website to donate and/or volunteer to the organisation Outcome: Increase in volunteers and donations Major Sub-systems (Functional Decomposition Diagram) Figure 1. Functional Decomposition Diagram of Click and Connects System.Remove 1.3 This diagram encompasses different pieces of functionality that the complete system should provide. Each function or subsystem is broken down further into smaller processes. Functional Decomposition Diagram Description The following is a description of each major function or subsystem from Figure 1. 1. Manage Volunteers 1.1 Volunteer Registration Only members of the organisation such as volunteers are allowed to access certain resources. First, potential volunteers are required to input personal information and take a quick survey. Documents and certificates showing proof of working with children are required to become a volunteer. Volunteers are also given a skype account belonging to Click and Connect. 1.2 Login and Authentication Important step in safeguarding the website from attackers. Only volunteers and personnel with administrative rights have a login and username. All other information on the website is public, hence no security restrictions are needed on other pages of the website. Genuine users will be able to access Click and Connects volunteer page or admin page. This is very much dependent on their access rights which is assigned upon account creation. 1.3 Update Teaching Material This an admin function where teaching material can be uploaded and managed. This is a necessary function to ensure that the children are taught a variety of topics and not the same topics by different volunteers. 2. Manage skype sessions Unfortunately, no real solution has been adopted as of yet. (Many holes in understanding of this subsystem) 2.1 Organise Session Times Schools must let the organisation know what days and times during the week they are providing this program for the children. Similarly, volunteers are required to set days and times they are available to participate in skype sessions. 2.2 Volunteer Session Assignment What happens is that the school asks for a certain number of volunteers. (E.g. 5 teams in a classroom means that they will need 5 volunteers for the next hour). Volunteers who are available at the time will be invited to join the skype sessions by clicking on a link or button. 2.3 Update Session Logs Certain information is kept about each skype session between volunteers and the children. This is for security concerns and allows easy tracking of accounts to follow up on flagged behaviour. 3. Manage Donations Visitors are able to make donations by accessing the donation page on the website. PayPals online service will be integrated into Click and Connects website to handle donations. PayPal is a widely accepted brand that takes most credit cards including Visa, MasterCard and American Express. It is also free and does not take any commission. 3.1 Receive Donations The donor is required to submit personal information and payment details in order for donation to be successful. 3.2 Send Emails (Receipt or other) Sending of receipts is going to be an automated process. A receipt will be sent to a donor immediately after their donation has been processed. 4. Manage Website Content Solely an admin function where they can change the content of the website such as images and text. 4.1 Upload Material The admin can make changes to specific elements of the homepage and other pages of the website. An easy to use interface allows uploading of images and texts. It is also possible to specific elements that needs to be changed. Some of these elements include: Images in the Carousel Resource Page History Page Event creation and updates fall under this category as they are just specific places where new content is applied. This will change the homepage under Upcoming Events. 4.2 Update Website Content Once the material has been uploaded, they will be applied where appropriate. The admin has the option to prevent certain content to be changed and can also remove content. (E.g. Admin adds a new video to the website, however, this video does not replace or appear on the front page unless specified.) Constraints Volunteers have a limited number of sessions that they can take each week and month. This constraint is in place so that other volunteers may also get an opportunity to participate especially since the accounts are shared. Volunteers can only have a single account. (1 username and an associated password) Volunteers are assigned 1 skype account. Admin is only able to change the content and not the layout of the website. Not every aspect or page is changeable. See Appendix for development artefacts    Conceptual Data Model Description Our client, Click Connect (CC) manages its database system by storing the information in a number of entities such as: Staff/Admin managing tutors schedule session and receive donation from donors Donor there are mainly two type of donors. Donation can be cash or material such as book Tutor is connected to school and course Country storing the country names. At the moment, CCs tutors are in Australia and there are prospective tutors from New York and Canada Tutor_School is the bridge to connect between tutor and school entities School consist of tutor, class/session and students names Class/Session displays all the available sessions for the school Student stores the required details about the students Course lists different levels of course and its related tutor To display more details, please see Entity Relationship Diagram below Proposed System Architecture Overview The client wish to have a flash screen as a starting point. It displays rich of features as much as possible to attract all visitors with ease of use and navigation. The above image is the initial system architecture overview of our client. Also, it is the only paper base information which we received from CC. this becomes an appendix to the erd The one in the presentation become an appendix Build Plan In each cycle, we will work on a single function or sub-system from Figure 1. Priority: Volunteer Management Function Skype Session Management Function Donations Management Website Content Management See Project Organisation on the next page for more details. System Development Approach The proposed system development for Click and Connect will be created using an Agile development approach. Agile development methodology provides opportunities to assess the direction of a project throughout the development lifecycle. This is achieved through regular cadences of work, known as sprints or iterations, at the end of which teams must present a potentially shippable product increment. By focusing on the repetition of abbreviated work cycles as well as the functional product they yield, agile methodology is described as iterative and incremental. In waterfall, development teams only have one chance to get each aspect of a project right. In an agile paradigm, every aspect of development requirements, design, etc. is continually revisited throughout the lifecycle. Every time we finish a cycle, we stop and test with our client and then get feedback so we can make changes if needed. Otherwise the project wont go towards the right direction. Our project is to develop sub-syst ems based on the website they have at the moment. Functions are prioritised like: 1.Volunteer Management Function 2.Skype Session Management Function 3.Donations Management 4.Website Content Management Team Structure Team Name: Slash Programming Team Number: 8 Team Members: Anthony Nguyen (Project manager) Lauren Madson (Client Liaison) Sinon Sil Hanyu Li As a team, we will all contribute to the project and attend meetings as long as we are able to. Everybodys ideas will be considered and discussed so that we can make a better decision. Each member will have a specific role in the build plan and will all help to work on each cycle. Overall Project Plan Gantt Chart This gantt chart is created from Microsoft Project software. The tasks in this gantt chart are from the initial project plan. We may make changes to the project according to the further information given by our client. Currently we just finished the system overview report. And we will start to build the functions that our client requires. Although we only have 4 main functions to implement, but the subsystems in each function could take some time to build. We will try finish all function before build 5 then we can do system testing and fix small problem we may face. Risk Management Plan Risk Name: Risk Description: Context (What is it? Likelihood of occurring and impact. Low/Medium/High) Risk Management: (prevent, reduce, transfer, contingency, accept) What actions are needed implement the strategy? Risk Name: Poor Time Management Skills (Team Risk) May conflict with incorrect time estimates scheduling Risk Description: Tasks may be allocated poorly. There is a high chance of this happening as many members of Slash Programming work several times a week as well as studying other units. This affects the ability to complete tasks on time and may result of failing to complete development deadlines. Risk Management: (Transfer) Risk Name: Existing Architecture May Conflict with New Design Risk Description: Click and Connects website is being worked on by another Risk Management: Risk Name: Risk Description: Risk Management: Hanyu Risk Name: Budget problem(budget risk) Risk Description: during the development of the system, we may have to expenses, but this organization is non-profit, so it is hard for them to get budget from outside. Risk Management: Apply for help from government Risk Name: Third person involvement (team risk) Risk Description: We heard there is a volunteer called Luke is also working on the website, we may have conflicts in the future. Risk Management: keep each other informed and discuss the possible solutions Laurens section Risk Name: Third party components and plugins (technical risk)Risk Description: Risk Management: Risk Name: Incorrect time estimates scheduling (schedule risks) Risk Description: Risk Management: Project Title: Click and Connect Website Start Date: 30/03/2017 Completion Date: 11/10/2017 Project Duration: 6 months and 12 days. Signature..Date././. Client Signature..Date././. Project Leader Signature..Date././. Client Liaison Signature..Date././. Project Builder Signature..Date././. Project Builder Date Team Member Version 19/03/17 1.00 20/03/17 1.01 20/03/17 1.02 21/03/17 1.03 21/03/17 1.04 22/03/17 1.05 24/03/17 2.00 24/03/17 2.01 24/03/17 2.02 25/03/17 2.03 25/03/17 2.04 25/03/17 2.05 26/03/17 2.06 26/03/17 2.07 27/03/17 2.08 28/03/17 3.00 Client Interaction Meeting minutes Client interaction notes Client weekly updates Development Artefacts User stories The following stories were used to build use case diagrams in the next section. Use Case Diagrams Use case diagrams were used to help build an understanding of functional requirements in Figure 1. Donation Subsystem Skype Session Management Subsystem Volunteer Management Subsystem Website Management Subsystem